Mayor Of Rome
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The mayor of Rome () is an elected politician who, along with the Rome City Council () of 48 members, is accountable for the strategic government of
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
. As Rome is a '' comune speciale'' since 2009, the office is different from the offices of the other Italian cities. The title is the equivalent of
Lord Mayor Lord mayor is a title of a mayor of what is usually a major city in a Commonwealth realm, with special recognition bestowed by the sovereign. However, the title or an equivalent is present in other countries, including forms such as "high mayor". A ...
in the meaning of an actual executive leader.


Overview

According to the City of Rome Statutes, the Mayor of Rome is a member of the Rome City Council () ex-oficio as its overall head. The Mayor is elected by the population of Rome. Citizens elect also the members of the City Council, which also controls the mayor's policy guidelines and is able to enforce the mayor's resignation by a
motion of no confidence A motion or vote of no confidence (or the inverse, a motion or vote of confidence) is a motion and corresponding vote thereon in a deliberative assembly (usually a legislative body) as to whether an officer (typically an executive) is deemed fi ...
. The mayor is entitled to appoint and release the members of his cabinet, which are twelve () according to the Italian Constitution. The seat of the City Council is the city hall ''Palazzo Senatorio'' on the
Capitoline Hill The Capitolium or Capitoline Hill ( ; ; ), between the Roman Forum, Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the Seven Hills of Rome. The hill was earlier known as ''Mons Saturnius'', dedicated to the god Saturn (mythology), Saturn. The wo ...
.


History

When the City of Rome was founded, it was initially ruled by Kings. After the last King was overthrown, it would be ruled by Consuls who were elected by the Assembly of the Centuries. The Assembly of the Centuries was an extremely oligarchic voting system, with voters organized into blocks based on wealth, and each block having but one vote to elect the Consuls. During the time of the empire, Rome was ruled by its Emperors, although the Consuls continued to exist in a largely ceremonial role. The Assembly of the Centuries was abolished, and the power to elect Consuls was transferred to the Senate alone. Once the Western Roman Empire ended, Consuls retook charge of the city, even as Kings once again ruled larger territories that included Rome. By this time there were no longer two Consuls in Rome, but one, the position of Consul Posteriori having been ceded to the younger Eastern Roman Empire. In 534, a man named Decius Paulinus served as the very last Consul ''of Rome''. (The last Consul was Byzantine Emperor Leo VI, but he did not rule from Rome.) The Senate survived as a city council of sorts, until it passed its final acts and voted to disband in 603. All the while, law and order were largely kept by various foreign occupiers (and their appointed city-governors). In 756, the
Donation of Pepin The Donation of Pepin, or Donation of Pippin, was the transfer of Frankish territory in central Italy to Pope Stephen II made by Pepin the Short, King of the Franks, in 756. The Donation took place amid the Byzantine Empire's decline in Italy ...
made Rome the capital of a newly formed Federation of the Papal States. After this, the city would be directly ruled by the same Popes who also ruled the much larger Papal States territory. During the final third or so of its existence, the Papal States also had a Governor of Rome, appointed by the Pope to rule the city in his name, allowing the Pope himself to focus on national and ecclesial matters. Having been the capital of the
Papal States The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th c ...
, Rome did not receive its modern Mayor until 1870, when it became the capital of the
Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy (, ) was a unitary state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy wa ...
. The new Mayor served as a member of the
city council A municipal council is the legislative body of a municipality or local government area. Depending on the location and classification of the municipality it may be known as a city council, town council, town board, community council, borough counc ...
, and he was appointed every three years by the
King of Italy King is a royal title given to a male monarch. A king is an absolute monarch if he holds unrestricted governmental power or exercises full sovereignty over a nation. Conversely, he is a constitutional monarch if his power is restrained by ...
. Then since 1889 the Mayor was elected every four years by the City Council. However, the fascist dictatorship abolished mayors and City councils in 1926, replacing them with a single authoritarian Rector (''Podestà'') chosen by the
National Fascist Party The National Fascist Party (, PNF) was a political party in Italy, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Italian fascism and as a reorganisation of the previous Italian Fasces of Combat. The party ruled the Kingdom of It ...
. The rector of Rome was called "Governatore" (''Governor''). After
World War II World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, the Mayor was chosen by the City Council. In 1993, the election of the Mayor was transferred from the City Council to direct election by the people. In 2001, the schedule of such elections was changed from every 4 years to every 5 years.


List of mayors of Rome


Papal States (1558–1870)

From 1558 to 1870, the
Papal States The Papal States ( ; ; ), officially the State of the Church, were a conglomeration of territories on the Italian peninsula under the direct sovereign rule of the pope from 756 to 1870. They were among the major states of Italy from the 8th c ...
created the office of ''Governatore'' (Governor), also called ''Vice Camerlengo'', chosen by the
Pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...
. * 1558–1560 – Virgilio Rosario * 1560–1588 – Giacomo Savelli * 1588–1603 – Girolamo Rusticucci * 1603–1605 – Camillo Borghese (future Pope Paul V) * 1605–1610 – Girolamo Pamphili * 1610–1629 – Giovanni Garzia Millini * 1629–1671 – Marzio Ginetti * ''Acting'' 1671 – Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni * 1671–1714 – Gaspare Carpegna * 1714–1721 – Giandomenico Paracciani * 1721–1726 – Fabrizio Paolucci * 1726–1732 – Prospero Marefoschi * 1732–1759 – Giovanni Antonio Guadagni * 1759–1762 – Antonio Maria Erba-Odescalchi * 1762–1793 –
Marcantonio Colonna Marcantonio II Colonna (sometimes spelled Marc'Antonio; 1535 – August 1, 1584), Duke of Tagliacozzo and Duke and Prince of Paliano, was an Italian aristocrat who served as Viceroy of Sicily in the service of the Spanish Crown, general of ...
* 1793–1795 – Andrea Corsini * 1795–1810 – Giulio Maria della Somaglia * 1810–1813 – Antonio Despuig y Dameto * 1813–1820 – Lorenzo Litta * 1820–1823 – Annibale della Genga (future Pope Leo XII) * ''Acting'' 1823–1824 – Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani * 1824–1834 –
Placido Zurla Placido Zurla, also known as ''Giacinto Placido Zurla'', O.S.B. Cam., (April 2, 1769 – 29 October 1834) was an Italian Camaldolese monk and prelate, who was Cardinal Vicar of Rome and a writer on medieval geography. Biography Zurla wa ...
* 1834–1838 – Carlo Odescalchi * 1838–1841 – Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani * 1841–1870 –
Costantino Patrizi Naro Costantino Patrizi Naro JUD (4 September 1798 – 17 December 1876) was a long-serving Italian Cardinal who became Dean of the College of Cardinals. Biography Born in Siena, Patrizi Naro was the son of Giovanni Patrizi Naro Montoro, 8th Marqui ...


Kingdom of Italy (1870–1946)

From 1870, when Rome was annexed, the
Kingdom of Italy The Kingdom of Italy (, ) was a unitary state that existed from 17 March 1861, when Victor Emmanuel II of Kingdom of Sardinia, Sardinia was proclamation of the Kingdom of Italy, proclaimed King of Italy, until 10 June 1946, when the monarchy wa ...
created the office of the Mayor of Rome (''Sindaco di Roma''), chosen by the City council. In 1926, the Fascist dictatorship abolished mayors and City councils, replacing them with a single
authoritarian Authoritarianism is a political system characterized by the rejection of political plurality, the use of strong central power to preserve the political ''status quo'', and reductions in democracy, separation of powers, civil liberties, and ...
''Governatore'' (Governor) chosen by the
National Fascist Party The National Fascist Party (, PNF) was a political party in Italy, created by Benito Mussolini as the political expression of Italian fascism and as a reorganisation of the previous Italian Fasces of Combat. The party ruled the Kingdom of It ...
.


Republic of Italy (1946–present)


City Council election (1946–1993)

From 1946 to 1993, the Mayor of Rome was chosen by the City Council. ;Notes


Direct election (since 1993)

Since 1993, under provisions of new local administration law, the Mayor of Rome is chosen by direct election, originally every four, and since 2001 every five years. ;Notes


Timeline


=Mayors

=


=Political coalition

=


By time in office


Election


Deputy Mayor

The office of the Deputy Mayor of Rome was officially created in 1993 with the adoption of the new local administration law. The Deputy Mayor is nominated and eventually dismissed by the Mayor. ;Notes


References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Mayors of Rome
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
History of Rome *Mayors Rome-related lists